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The chapter explains the significance of IT compliance and audits in modern businesses. The text delves into the importance of regulatory compliance, security and data protection, operational efficiency, and building trust. It further outlines key compliance regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DSS, SOX, ISO standards, and NIST frameworks. The IT audit process is described in detail, alongside practical examples and case studies illustrating the benefits of robust IT governance. Overall, it emphasizes how IT compliance and audits contribute to an organization’s security, efficiency, reputation, and strategic objectives.